Difference between revisions of "Math Symbols Help"

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=Mathematics Publishing=
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=====Example=====
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The engineering focus of this wiki is centered on information sharing which includes publishing a voluminous amount of mathematics related to Robonation Projects that the Engineering Club engages.
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The equation <math display="block">\text{geometric series:}\quad \begin{align} \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 \end{align}</math>
  
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==Math code Display==
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It was entered as
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The Math library installed in this wiki provides support for Mathematics Notation.
+
:<syntaxhighlight lang="xml" inline><math display="block">\text{geometric series:}\quad \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 </math></syntaxhighlight>
−
Attribute display with the two options "inline" and "block".
 
−
=== Inline ===
 
−
If the the value of the display attribute is inline the render will render math in inline mode, i.e. there will be no new paragraph for the equation and the operators will be rendered consuming only little vertical space.
 
  
−
==== Example ====
+
See this Wikipedia page for a full dictionary of all symbols [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula Math Symbols]
−
The sum <math display="inline">\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}</math> converges to 2.
 
−
 
 
−
The next line-width is not disturbed by large operators.
 
−
 
 
−
The code for the math example reads:
 
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:<code><nowiki><math display="inline">\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}</math></nowiki></code>
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
=== Block ===
 
−
In block-style the equation is rendered in its own paragraph and the operator are rendered consuming less horizontal space.
 
−
 
 
−
==== Example ====
 
−
The equation
 
−
<math display="block">\text{geometric series:}\quad\sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2</math>
 
−
is used in a joke about mathematicians entering a bar and ordering beer.
 
−
 
 
−
== Functions, symbols, special characters ==
 
−
<!-- Eight symbols per line seems to be optimal -->
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Accents/diacritics ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a} </source>
 
−
| <math>\dot{a}, \ddot{a}, \acute{a}, \grave{a} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a} </source>
 
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| <math>\check{a}, \breve{a}, \tilde{a}, \bar{a} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a} </source>
 
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| <math>\hat{a}, \widehat{a}, \vec{a} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
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!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Standard numerical functions ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m </source>
 
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| <math>\exp_a b = a^b, \exp b = e^b, 10^m \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f </source>
 
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| <math>\ln c, \lg d = \log e, \log_{10} f \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f</source>
 
−
| <math>\sin a, \cos b, \tan c, \cot d, \sec e, \csc f\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\arcsin h, \arccos i, \arctan j </source>
 
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| <math>\arcsin h, \arccos i, \arctan j \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sinh k, \cosh l, \tanh m, \coth n </source>
 
−
| <math>\sinh k, \cosh l, \tanh m, \coth n \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\operatorname{sh}\,k, \operatorname{ch}\,l, \operatorname{th}\,m, \operatorname{coth}\,n </source>
 
−
| <math>\operatorname{sh}\,k, \operatorname{ch}\,l, \operatorname{th}\,m, \operatorname{coth}\,n \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\operatorname{argsh}\,o, \operatorname{argch}\,p, \operatorname{argth}\,q </source>
 
−
| <math>\operatorname{argsh}\,o, \operatorname{argch}\,p, \operatorname{argth}\,q \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert </source>
 
−
| <math>\sgn r, \left\vert s \right\vert \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\min(x,y), \max(x,y) </source>
 
−
| <math>\min(x,y), \max(x,y) \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Bounds ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t </source>
 
−
| <math>\min x, \max y, \inf s, \sup t \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w </source>
 
−
| <math>\lim u, \liminf v, \limsup w \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi </source>
 
−
| <math>\dim p, \deg q, \det m, \ker\phi \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Projections ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z </source>
 
−
| <math>\Pr j, \hom l, \lVert z \rVert, \arg z \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Differentials and derivatives ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">dt, \operatorname{d}\!t, \partial t, \nabla\psi</source>
 
−
| <math>dt, \operatorname{d}\!t, \partial t, \nabla\psi\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">dy/dx, \operatorname{d}\!y/\operatorname{d}\!x, {dy \over dx}, {\operatorname{d}\!y\over\operatorname{d}\!x}, {\partial^2\over\partial x_1\partial x_2}y </source>
 
−
| <math>dy/dx, \operatorname{d}\!y/\operatorname{d}\!x, {dy \over dx}, {\operatorname{d}\!y\over\operatorname{d}\!x}, {\partial^2\over\partial x_1\partial x_2}y \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)}, \dot y, \ddot y </source>
 
−
| <math>\prime, \backprime, f^\prime, f', f'', f^{(3)} \!, \dot y, \ddot y</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Letter-like symbols or constants ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar </source>
 
−
| <math>\infty, \aleph, \complement, \backepsilon, \eth, \Finv, \hbar \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS </source>
 
−
| <math>\Im, \imath, \jmath, \Bbbk, \ell, \mho, \wp, \Re, \circledS \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Modular arithmetic ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} </source>
 
−
| <math>s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">a\,\bmod\,b </source>
 
−
| <math>a\,\bmod\,b \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)</source>
 
−
| <math>\gcd(m, n), \operatorname{lcm}(m, n)</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid </source>
 
−
| <math>\mid, \nmid, \shortmid, \nshortmid \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Radicals ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{x^3+y^3 \over 2} </source>
 
−
| <math>\surd, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt[n]{}, \sqrt[3]{x^3+y^3 \over 2} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Operators ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus </source>
 
−
| <math>+, -, \pm, \mp, \dotplus \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash </source>
 
−
| <math>\times, \div, \divideontimes, /, \backslash \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet </source>
 
−
| <math>\cdot, * \ast, \star, \circ, \bullet \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot </source>
 
−
| <math>\boxplus, \boxminus, \boxtimes, \boxdot \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot</source>
 
−
| <math>\oplus, \ominus, \otimes, \oslash, \odot\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast </source>
 
−
| <math>\circleddash, \circledcirc, \circledast \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot </source>
 
−
| <math>\bigoplus, \bigotimes, \bigodot \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Sets ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing </source>
 
−
| <math>\{ \}, \O \empty \emptyset, \varnothing \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni </source>
 
−
| <math>\in, \notin \not\in, \ni, \not\ni \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap </source>
 
−
| <math>\cap, \Cap, \sqcap, \bigcap \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus </source>
 
−
| <math>\cup, \Cup, \sqcup, \bigcup, \bigsqcup, \uplus, \biguplus \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times </source>
 
−
| <math>\setminus, \smallsetminus, \times \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset </source>
 
−
| <math>\subset, \Subset, \sqsubset \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset </source>
 
−
| <math>\supset, \Supset, \sqsupset \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq </source>
 
−
| <math>\subseteq, \nsubseteq, \subsetneq, \varsubsetneq, \sqsubseteq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq </source>
 
−
| <math>\supseteq, \nsupseteq, \supsetneq, \varsupsetneq, \sqsupseteq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq </source>
 
−
| <math>\subseteqq, \nsubseteqq, \subsetneqq, \varsubsetneqq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq </source>
 
−
| <math>\supseteqq, \nsupseteqq, \supsetneqq, \varsupsetneqq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Relations ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv </source>
 
−
| <math>=, \ne, \neq, \equiv, \not\equiv \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\doteq, \doteqdot,</source> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=},</source> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">:=</source>
 
−
| <math>\doteq, \doteqdot, \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}, := \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong </source>
 
−
| <math>\sim, \nsim, \backsim, \thicksim, \simeq, \backsimeq, \eqsim, \cong, \ncong \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto </source>
 
−
| <math>\approx, \thickapprox, \approxeq, \asymp, \propto, \varpropto \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none"><, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot </source>
 
−
| <math><, \nless, \ll, \not\ll, \lll, \not\lll, \lessdot \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot </source>
 
−
| <math>>, \ngtr, \gg, \not\gg, \ggg, \not\ggg, \gtrdot \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq </source>
 
−
| <math>\le, \leq, \lneq, \leqq, \nleq, \nleqq, \lneqq, \lvertneqq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq </source>
 
−
| <math>\ge, \geq, \gneq, \geqq, \ngeq, \ngeqq, \gneqq, \gvertneqq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless </source>
 
−
| <math>\lessgtr, \lesseqgtr, \lesseqqgtr, \gtrless, \gtreqless, \gtreqqless \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless </source>
 
−
| <math>\leqslant, \nleqslant, \eqslantless \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr </source>
 
−
| <math>\geqslant, \ngeqslant, \eqslantgtr \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox </source>
 
−
| <math>\lesssim, \lnsim, \lessapprox, \lnapprox \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox </source>
 
−
| <math>\gtrsim, \gnsim, \gtrapprox, \gnapprox \,</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq </source>
 
−
| <math>\prec, \nprec, \preceq, \npreceq, \precneqq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq </source>
 
−
| <math>\succ, \nsucc, \succeq, \nsucceq, \succneqq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec </source>
 
−
| <math>\preccurlyeq, \curlyeqprec \,</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc </source>
 
−
| <math>\succcurlyeq, \curlyeqsucc \,</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox </source>
 
−
| <math>\precsim, \precnsim, \precapprox, \precnapprox \,</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox </source>
 
−
| <math>\succsim, \succnsim, \succapprox, \succnapprox \,</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Geometric ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel </source>
 
−
| <math>\parallel, \nparallel, \shortparallel, \nshortparallel \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ </source>
 
−
| <math>\perp, \angle, \sphericalangle, \measuredangle, 45^\circ \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Box, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar </source>
 
−
| <math>\Box, \blacksquare, \diamond, \Diamond \lozenge, \blacklozenge, \bigstar \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\bigcirc, \triangle \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown </source>
 
−
| <math>\bigcirc, \triangle \bigtriangleup, \bigtriangledown \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\vartriangle, \triangledown </source>
 
−
| <math>\vartriangle, \triangledown\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright </source>
 
−
| <math>\blacktriangle, \blacktriangledown, \blacktriangleleft, \blacktriangleright \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Logic ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\forall, \exists, \nexists </source>
 
−
| <math>\forall, \exists, \nexists \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\therefore, \because, \And </source>
 
−
| <math>\therefore, \because, \And \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\or \lor \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee </source>
 
−
| <math>\or \lor \vee, \curlyvee, \bigvee \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\and \land \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge </source>
 
−
| <math>\and \land \wedge, \curlywedge, \bigwedge \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\bar{q}, \bar{abc}, \overline{q}, \overline{abc}, </source><br />
 
−
<source lang="latex" enclose="none">\lnot \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top</source>
 
−
| <math>\bar{q}, \bar{abc}, \overline{q}, \overline{abc}, \!</math><br />
 
−
<math>\lnot \neg, \not\operatorname{R}, \bot, \top \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\vdash \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models </source>
 
−
| <math>\vdash \dashv, \vDash, \Vdash, \models \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Vvdash \nvdash \nVdash \nvDash \nVDash </source>
 
−
| <math>\Vvdash \nvdash \nVdash \nvDash \nVDash \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner </source>
 
−
| <math>\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner \,</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Arrows ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\Rrightarrow, \Lleftarrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow \implies </source>
 
−
| <math>\Rightarrow, \nRightarrow, \Longrightarrow \implies\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\Leftarrow, \nLeftarrow, \Longleftarrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow \iff </source>
 
−
| <math>\Leftrightarrow, \nLeftrightarrow, \Longleftrightarrow \iff \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\Uparrow, \Downarrow, \Updownarrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\rightarrow \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\rightarrow \to, \nrightarrow, \longrightarrow\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\leftarrow \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\leftarrow \gets, \nleftarrow, \longleftarrow\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\leftrightarrow, \nleftrightarrow, \longleftrightarrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\uparrow, \downarrow, \updownarrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\nearrow, \swarrow, \nwarrow, \searrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mapsto, \longmapsto </source>
 
−
| <math>\mapsto, \longmapsto \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons</source>
 
−
| <math>\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \leftrightharpoons \,\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \looparrowright</source>
 
−
| <math>\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \rightarrowtail \looparrowright \,\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft</source>
 
−
| <math>\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft \,\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow </source>
 
−
| <math>\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Special ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\amalg \P \S \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots </source>
 
−
| <math>\amalg \P \S \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright</source>
 
−
| <math>\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp </source>
 
−
| <math>\diamondsuit, \heartsuit, \clubsuit, \spadesuit, \Game, \flat, \natural, \sharp \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"|
 
−
 
 
−
=== Unsorted (new stuff) ===
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\diagup \diagdown \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes </source>
 
−
| <math>\diagup \diagdown \centerdot \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes \rightthreetimes \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \risingdotseq \fallingdotseq </source>
 
−
| <math>\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \bumpeq \Bumpeq \doteqdot \risingdotseq \fallingdotseq \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\intercal \barwedge \veebar \doublebarwedge \between \pitchfork </source>
 
−
| <math>\intercal \barwedge \veebar \doublebarwedge \between \pitchfork \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright </source>
 
−
| <math>\vartriangleleft \ntriangleleft \vartriangleright \ntriangleright \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq </source>
 
−
| <math>\trianglelefteq \ntrianglelefteq \trianglerighteq \ntrianglerighteq \!</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
For a little more semantics on these symbols, see the brief [http://www.math.upenn.edu/tex-stuff/cookbook.pdf TeX Cookbook].
 
−
 
 
−
== Larger expressions ==
 
−
 
 
−
=== Subscripts, superscripts, integrals ===
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" style="border-collapse:collapse"
 
−
|-
 
−
! Feature !! Syntax !! How it looks rendered
 
−
|-
 
−
| Superscript
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">a^2</source> || <math>a^2</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Subscript
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">a_2</source> || <math>a_2</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="2"| Grouping
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">10^{30} a^{2+2}</source> || <math>10^{30} a^{2+2}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">a_{i,j} b_{f'}</source> || <math>a_{i,j} b_{f'}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="2"| Combining sub & super without and with horizontal separation
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">x_2^3</source> || <math>x_2^3</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">{x_2}^3</source> || <math>{x_2}^3 \,\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Super super
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">10^{10^{8}}</source> || <math>10^{10^{8}}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="2"| Preceding and/or additional sub & super
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</source> || <math>\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</source> || <math>{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="4"| Stacking
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overset{\alpha}{\omega}</source> || <math>\overset{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\underset{\alpha}{\omega}</source> || <math>\underset{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}</source> || <math>\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}</source> || <math>\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="2"| Derivatives
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">x', y'', f', f''</source> || <math>x', y'', f', f''</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</source> || <math>x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Derivative dots
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</source> || <math>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="3"| Underlines, overlines, vectors
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</source> || <math> \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</source> || <math> \overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</source> || <math> \overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Arc (workaround)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overset{\frown} {AB}</source> || <math>\overset{\frown} {AB}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Arrows
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none"> A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C</source> || <math> A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Overbraces
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</source> || <math>\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Underbraces
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}</source> || <math>\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Sum
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</source> || <math>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Sum (force&nbsp;<source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 </source> || <math>\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Sum in a fraction (default <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</source> || <math>\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Sum in a fraction (force <source lang="text" enclose="none">\displaystyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</source> || <math>\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Sum in a fraction (alternative limits style)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\frac{\sum\limits^{^N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}</source> || <math>\frac{\sum\limits^{^N}_{k=1} k^2}{a}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Product
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Product (force&nbsp;<source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Coproduct
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Coproduct (force&nbsp;<source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</source> || <math>\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Limit
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</source> || <math>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Limit (force&nbsp;<source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</source> || <math>\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Integral
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</source> || <math>\int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Integral (alternative limits style)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</source> || <math>\int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Integral (force&nbsp;<source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</source> || <math>\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Integral (force&nbsp;<source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle</source>, alternative limits style)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</source> || <math>\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Double integral
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy</source> || <math>\iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Triple integral
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz</source> || <math>\iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Quadruple integral
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</source> || <math>\iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Line or path integral
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</source> || <math>\int_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Closed line or path integral
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</source> || <math>\oint_{(x,y)\in C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Intersections
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\bigcap_{i=_1}^n E_i</source> || <math>\bigcap_{i=_1}^n E_i</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Unions
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\bigcup_{i=_1}^n E_i</source> || <math>\bigcup_{i=_1}^n E_i</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
=== Fractions, matrices, multilines ===
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! Feature
 
−
! Syntax
 
−
! How it looks rendered
 
−
|-
 
−
| Fractions
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\frac{2}{4}=0.5</source> or <source lang="text" enclose="none">{2 \over 4}=0.5</source>
 
−
| <math>\frac{2}{4}=0.5</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Small fractions
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5</source>
 
−
| <math>\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Large (normal) fractions
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a </source>
 
−
| <math>\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c + \dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Large (nested) fractions
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a</source>
 
−
| <math>\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Cancellations in fractions<br>Note does not work with MathJax
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\cfrac{x}{1 + \cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} = \cfrac{x}{2}</source>
 
−
| <math>\cfrac{x}{1 + \cfrac{\cancel{y}}{\cancel{y}}} = \cfrac{x}{2}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Binomial coefficients
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\binom{n}{k}</source>
 
−
| <math>\binom{n}{k}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Small binomial coefficients
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\tbinom{n}{k}</source>
 
−
| <math>\tbinom{n}{k}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Large (normal) binomial coefficients
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\dbinom{n}{k}</source>
 
−
| <math>\dbinom{n}{k}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="7" | Matrices
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{matrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{matrix}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{matrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{matrix}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{vmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{vmatrix}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{vmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{vmatrix}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{Vmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{Vmatrix}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{Vmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{Vmatrix}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{bmatrix}
 
−
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
 
−
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
 
−
0 & \cdots & 0
 
−
\end{bmatrix}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{bmatrix}
 
−
0 & \cdots & 0 \\
 
−
\vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\
 
−
0 & \cdots & 0
 
−
\end{bmatrix} </math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{Bmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{Bmatrix}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{Bmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{Bmatrix}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{pmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{pmatrix}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{pmatrix}
 
−
x & y \\
 
−
z & v
 
−
\end{pmatrix}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
 
−
a&b\\ c&d
 
−
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
 
−
</source>
 
−
| <math>
 
−
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix}
 
−
a&b\\ c&d
 
−
\end{smallmatrix} \bigr)
 
−
</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Case distinctions
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
f(n) =
 
−
\begin{cases}
 
−
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\
 
−
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
 
−
\end{cases}</source>
 
−
| <math>f(n) =
 
−
\begin{cases}
 
−
n/2, & \text{if }n\text{ is even} \\
 
−
3n+1, & \text{if }n\text{ is odd}
 
−
\end{cases}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="2" | Multiline equations
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
\begin{align}
 
−
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
 
−
& = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
 
−
\end{align}
 
−
</source>
 
−
| <math>
 
−
\begin{align}
 
−
f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\
 
−
& = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\
 
−
\end{align}
 
−
</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
\begin{alignat}{2}
 
−
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
 
−
& = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
 
−
\end{alignat}
 
−
</source>
 
−
| <math>
 
−
\begin{alignat}{2}
 
−
f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\
 
−
& = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\
 
−
\end{alignat}
 
−
</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Multiline equations <small>(must define number of columns used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed)</small>
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
\begin{array}{lcl}
 
−
z & = & a \\
 
−
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
 
−
\end{array}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{array}{lcl}
 
−
z & = & a \\
 
−
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
 
−
\end{array}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Multiline equations (more)
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
\begin{array}{lcr}
 
−
z & = & a \\
 
−
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
 
−
\end{array}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{array}{lcr}
 
−
z & = & a \\
 
−
f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z
 
−
\end{array}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary, at the expense of destroying correct spacing
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
f(x) =
 
−
\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n =
 
−
a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots
 
−
</source>
 
−
| <math>f(x) =
 
−
\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n =
 
−
a_0 +a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Simultaneous equations
 
−
| <source lang="latex">\begin{cases}
 
−
3x + 5y + z \\
 
−
7x - 2y + 4z \\
 
−
-6x + 3y + 2z
 
−
\end{cases}</source>
 
−
| <math>\begin{cases}
 
−
3x + 5y + z \\
 
−
7x - 2y + 4z \\
 
−
-6x + 3y + 2z
 
−
\end{cases}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Arrays
 
−
| <source lang="latex">
 
−
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
 
−
\hline
 
−
0&0&1\\
 
−
0&1&1\\
 
−
1&0&1\\
 
−
1&1&0\\
 
−
\end{array}
 
−
</source>
 
−
| <math>
 
−
\begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\
 
−
\hline
 
−
0&0&1\\
 
−
0&1&1\\
 
−
1&0&1\\
 
−
1&1&0\\
 
−
\end{array}
 
−
</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
=== Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars ===
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! Feature !! Syntax !! How it looks rendered
 
−
|-
 
−
| Bad
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">( \frac{1}{2} )</source>
 
−
| <math>( \frac{1}{2} )</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Good
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</source>
 
−
| <math>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
! Feature
 
−
! Syntax
 
−
! How it looks rendered
 
−
|-
 
−
| Parentheses
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</source>
 
−
| <math>\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Brackets
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad</source><br/> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</source>
 
−
| <math>\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Braces
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad</source><br/> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</source>
 
−
| <math>\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Angle brackets
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</source>
 
−
| <math>\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Bars and double bars
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \quad</source><br/> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</source>
 
−
| <math>\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \quad \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Floor and ceiling functions:
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \quad</source><br/> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</source>
 
−
| <math>\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \quad \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Slashes and backslashes
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</source>
 
−
| <math>\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Up, down, and up-down arrows
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad</source><br/> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad</source><br/> <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</source>
 
−
| <math>\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Delimiters can be mixed,<br>as long as \left and \right match
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left [ 0,1 \right )</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\left \langle \psi \right |</source>
 
−
| <math>\left [ 0,1 \right )</math><br/> <math>\left \langle \psi \right |</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Use \left. and \right. if you<br/> do not want a delimiter to appear
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</source>
 
−
| <math>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| rowspan="7" | Size of the delimiters (add "l" or "r" to indicate the side for proper spacing)
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]</source>
 
−
| <math>( \bigl( \Bigl( \biggl( \Biggl( \dots \Biggr] \biggr] \Bigr] \bigr] ]</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\{ \bigl\{ \Bigl\{ \biggl\{ \Biggl\{ \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Biggr\rangle \biggr\rangle \Bigr\rangle \bigr\rangle \rangle</source>
 
−
| <math>\{ \bigl\{ \Bigl\{ \biggl\{ \Biggl\{ \dots \Biggr\rangle \biggr\rangle \Bigr\rangle \bigr\rangle \rangle</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\| \big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big| |</source>
 
−
| <math>\| \big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big| |</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \ceil</source>
 
−
| <math>\lfloor \bigl\lfloor \Bigl\lfloor \biggl\lfloor \Biggl\lfloor \dots \Biggr\rceil \biggr\rceil \Bigr\rceil \bigr\rceil \rceil</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow</source>
 
−
| <math>\uparrow \big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow \Downarrow</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow</source>
 
−
| <math>\updownarrow \big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow \Updownarrow</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots</source><br/> <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash</source>
 
−
| <math>/ \big/ \Big/ \bigg/ \Bigg/ \dots \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash \backslash</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
=== Equation numbering ===
 
−
 
 
−
The templates {{tl|NumBlk}} and {{tl|EquationRef}} can be used to number equations. The template {{tl|EquationNote}} can be used to refer to a numbered equation from surrounding text. For example, the following syntax:
 
−
 
 
−
: <code><nowiki>{{NumBlk|:|<math>x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1 \,</math>|{{EquationRef|1}}}}</nowiki></code>
 
−
 
 
−
produces the following result (note the equation number in the right margin):
 
−
 
 
−
{{NumBlk|:|<math>x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1 \,</math>|{{EquationRef|1}}}}
 
−
 
 
−
Later on, the text can refer to this equation by its number using syntax like this:
 
−
 
 
−
: <source lang="latex" enclose="none">As seen in equation ({{EquationNote|1}}), blah blah blah...</source>
 
−
 
 
−
The result looks like this:
 
−
 
 
−
: As seen in equation ({{EquationNote|1}}), blah blah blah...
 
−
 
 
−
Note that the equation number produced by {{tl|EquationNote}} is a link that the user can click to go immediately to the cited equation.
 
−
 
 
−
== Alphabets and typefaces ==
 
−
{{See also|Wikipedia:LaTeX symbols#Fonts}}
 
−
[[Texvc]] cannot render arbitrary [[Unicode]] characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below. For others, such as [[Cyrillic]], they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Greek alphabet
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta </source>
 
−
| <math>\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho </source>
 
−
| <math>\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega </source>
 
−
| <math>\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta </source>
 
−
| <math>\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \pi \rho </source>
 
−
| <math>\iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \pi \rho \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega </source>
 
−
| <math>\sigma \tau \upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi </source>
 
−
| <math>\varepsilon \digamma \varkappa \varpi \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi </source>
 
−
| <math>\varrho \varsigma \vartheta \varphi \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Hebrew symbols
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth </source>
 
−
| <math>\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Blackboard bold/scripts
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbb{ABCDEFGHI} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbb{JKLMNOPQR} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbb{STUVWXYZ} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbb{STUVWXYZ} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Boldface
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbf{ABCDEFGHI} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbf{JKLMNOPQR} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{STUVWXYZ} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbf{STUVWXYZ} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{abcdefghijklm} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbf{abcdefghijklm} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbf{nopqrstuvwxyz} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathbf{0123456789} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathbf{0123456789} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Boldface (Greek)
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\alpha\beta\gamma\delta\epsilon\zeta\eta\theta} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\iota\kappa\lambda\mu\nu\xi\pi\rho} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\sigma\tau\upsilon\phi\chi\psi\omega} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\varepsilon\digamma\varkappa\varpi} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi} </source>
 
−
| <math>\boldsymbol{\varrho\varsigma\vartheta\varphi} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Italics (default for Latin alphabet)
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{0123456789} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathit{0123456789} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Greek italics (default for lowercase Greek)
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathit{\Alpha\Beta\Gamma\Delta\Epsilon\Zeta\Eta\Theta} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathit{\Iota\Kappa\Lambda\Mu\Nu\Xi\Pi\Rho} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathit{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathit{\Sigma\Tau\Upsilon\Phi\Chi\Psi\Omega} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Roman typeface
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathrm{ABCDEFGHI} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathrm{JKLMNOPQR} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{STUVWXYZ} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathrm{STUVWXYZ} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{abcdefghijklm} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathrm{abcdefghijklm} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathrm{nopqrstuvwxyz} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathrm{0123456789} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathrm{0123456789} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Sans serif
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{ABCDEFGHI} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{JKLMNOPQR} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{STUVWXYZ} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{STUVWXYZ} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{abcdefghijklm} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{abcdefghijklm} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{nopqrstuvwxyz} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{0123456789} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{0123456789} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Sans serif Greek (capital only)
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta \Eta \Theta} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{\Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu \Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathsf{\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}</source>
 
−
| <math>\mathsf{\Sigma \Tau \Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega}\!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Calligraphy/script
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathcal{ABCDEFGHI} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathcal{JKLMNOPQR} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathcal{STUVWXYZ} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathcal{STUVWXYZ} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Fraktur typeface
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathfrak{ABCDEFGHI} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathfrak{JKLMNOPQR} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathfrak{STUVWXYZ} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathfrak{abcdefghijklm} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathfrak{nopqrstuvwxyz} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\mathfrak{0123456789} </source>
 
−
| <math>\mathfrak{0123456789} \!</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
|-
 
−
!colspan="2"| Small scriptstyle text
 
−
|-
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}}</source>
 
−
| <math>{\scriptstyle\text{abcdefghijklm}}</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
=== Mixed text faces ===
 
−
 
 
−
{| class="wikitable"
 
−
|-
 
−
! Feature
 
−
! Syntax
 
−
! How it looks rendered
 
−
|-
 
−
| Italicised characters (spaces are ignored)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">x y z</source>
 
−
| <math>x y z</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Non-italicised characters
 
−
| <source lang="latex" enclose="none">\text{x y z}</source>
 
−
| <math>\text{x y z}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Mixed italics (bad)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\text{if} n \text{is even}</source>
 
−
| <math>\text{if} n \text{is even}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Mixed italics (good)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\text{if }n\text{ is even}</source>
 
−
| <math>\text{if }n\text{ is even}</math>
 
−
|-
 
−
| Mixed italics (alternative: ~ or "\ " forces a space)
 
−
| <source lang="text" enclose="none">\text{if}~n\ \text{is even}</source>
 
−
| <math>\text{if}~n\ \text{is even}</math>
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
==Next==
 

Latest revision as of 12:58, 29 October 2020

Example

The equation

It was entered as

<math display="block">\text{geometric series:}\quad \sum_{i=0}^\infty 2^{-i}=2 </math>

See this Wikipedia page for a full dictionary of all symbols Math Symbols

Retrieved from "http://OCRobotx.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Math_Symbols_Help&oldid=13882"